The Ethics of File Sharing Software Essay -- Computers Technology Soft

The Ethics of File Sharing Software Introduction The purpose of this paper is to discuss the ethical problem that file sharing software creates when used to transfer copy written material. It is contested that the very existence of this software promotes piracy. The paper will focus on the creators of the file sharing software, knowing that the user employs their product illegally. The software creators (Kazaa, Grokster, Morpheus, etc) are claiming that they cannot control what the end user does with its product. In fact, this point has been upheld by a recent court ruling. As music and movies are now available almost exclusively in digital formats (CD and DVDs), the ease of copying them to computers is easy. And with the Internet, the ability to share via Napster, or Kazaa, is just as easy. How File Sharing Works[i] File sharing popularity increased with the birth of Napster. It allowed users to connect to each other through a central server. Napster pioneered the concept of peer-to-peer file sharing (P2P). With Napster, individual people stored files that they wanted to share (typically MP3 music files) on their hard discs and shared them directly with other people. Users ran a piece of Napster software that made this sharing possible. Each user machine became a mini server. By installing Napster software, your computer becomes a small server in the Napster universe. You can now contact the main Napster server for your request, but if your request was not available on the main server, then a search is conducted on all the computers connected to the Napster main server at that time. The song or file is downloaded directly from the resident computer. Napster evolved into this approach after i... ... Alpha Books, 2002) James Rachels, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003) James Fieser PhD., Bradley Dowden PhD., The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 2003, University of Tennessee at Martin, 17 November 2003 http://www.utm.edu/research/iep/ [i] Marshall Brain, How File Sharing Works, Nov. 2003 [ii] Ibid [iii] Ibid [iv] Claudia Roda, Usenet (Usegroups), Sept. 2003 [v] David Bruce Ingram, PhD, Jennifer Parks, PhD, The Complete Idiots Guide to Understanding Ethics, (Indianapolis: Alpha Books, 2002) 138 [vi] James Rachels, The Elements of Moral Philosophy, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2003) 92-93 [vii] Ibid 77 [viii] Ayn Rand, The Virtue of Selfishness, (New York: Penguin Books, 1961) 27

‘Satyam †the Enron of India’

INTRODUCTION The case study ‘Satyam – the Enron of India’ looks at Satyam Computer Services Limited and its involvement in corporate fraud leading to one of India’s largest white-collar crimes. The Satyam scandal marks as one of India’s biggest corporate scandals where its stakeholders were continually fed misleading financial information from its late chairman Ramalinga Raju. This once promising, global IT company provided its services for some of the largest companies in Australia and the United States, such as Telstra, Suncorp and Qantas, to mention a few.The following case study analysis looks at the failure of Satyam Computer Services Limited due to fierce competition and the need to impress stakeholders, along with inaccurate, misleading accounting statements, unethical behaviour and poor leadership. PART 1: Management issues in the Satyam case study From reviewing the case, the management issues in the case study are unethical behaviour and po or leadership. As there was no approval needed form shareholders it gave Raju and his brother the ability to make all managerial decisions.The lack of leadership and abuse of power let independent directors and audit committee feel intimidated enough to trust in the managerial decisions without question. The need for power and money led to negligence of fiduciary duties and inaccurate deceptive accounting on Raju’s behalf. Raju’s total disregard for managerial ethics just to make short term figures to impress Satyam’s stakeholders resulted in a complete lack of corporate social responsibility.Raju’s greed led to the manipulation of financial records to show increased earnings, payment of salaries to ‘ghost staff’, diversion of funds to purchase property in family member names and fabricated profits ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ ¬. It is believed PricewaterhouseCooper failed to perform its role correctly and therefore this failure to follow fiduciary responsi bilities lead to Raju’s manipulation of the businesses statements and cash flow was go undetected. PART 2: Why the issues are problematic? In the first instance we examine the unethical behaviour and the conflict of interest with family members in high company roles.Since the company was founded and owned by Raju himself, the chairman, and his brother occupying the role of managing director, which gave them and overwhelming majority and a psychological advantage into the decision making of the company. This advantage is how the company books were able to be cooked and inflated profits by selling inflated stakes for went undetected for so long. Without the approval of from the shareholder the directors were able to use company funds to be diverted into family real estate investments.Raju’s expectations for power and ambitious corporate growth also contributed to the fraud. Whist there is no right or wrong way to behave due to Raju’s lack of moral leadership Satya m’s stakeholders, clients and employees were also greatly affected by the demise. Rationalisation and justification lead to negative emotions which could have caused Raju to act emotionally and unethically without any regard for his stakeholders. The damage to the credibility of the company forced the cancellation of projects which in turn lead to the employee’s loss of wages, jobs and self esteem.The mistrust would have had clients question accountability and would have sought business with Satyums competitors. Shareholders would have lost money in the form of investments. Deceptive reporting practices and complete lack of transparency in the finances damaged the company’s future credibility. As PricewaterhouseCooper failed to detect the discrepancies I believe they also hold some accountability in the downfall of the company. As the falsifying of Satyam’s books would lower its stock values, which inturn would lead lower profits and less investors.Howeve r to leave the auditor out of the equation would be a mistake. As a result of negligence with both PricewaterhouseCooper and Raju, the outsourcing company suffered a massive blow in trust and leave further investment in the company questionable. However whilst the scandal put pressure on the Indian government and other Indian outsourcing, this type of scandal wouldn’t be limited to just India as a culture, as It comes down having a good global manager that exercises good ethical behaviour.As all mangers are human it’s the ability of mangers to be self disciplined and handle pressure to provide total quality management. PART 3: Recommendations. In Satyam’s case the need to merge or sell the company would be the first step to restore some faith in the company. What happened with Satyam served as a reminder that a universal, quality corporate governance mechanism is needed to ensure future companies don’t follow in Raju’s footsteps. Complete transpare ncies in finances would also avoid any temptation for unethical behaviour along with more deterring punishments for frauds of this scale.This would ensure higher loyalty and trust from stakeholders. Henri Fayol’s contribution to management thinking would be a great concept to start with, his five principles; I. Planning – Establishing objectives and goals. Recognising obstacles, these can be internal or external, and how to control them. Forming, implementing and following up of plans. II. Organising – Identification, classification, coordination III. Commanding – The delegation of duties to correct workers, successful leadership. IV.Coordinating – Make decisions and ensure all information is shared and to monitor the works involved. V. Controlling – Monitoring and making sure all things are running according to plan. Employee performance reviews Whilst policing manager personality traits would be a perfect solution the reality of policing t his is near impossible therefore management accountability and responsibility would be a good start. Having a universal Code of Ethical Conduct and setting out universal teachings or courses in global ethics may also provide a solution.By obtaining a better understanding of cultural diversity, understanding the abilities, vales and personality types of different cultures ultimately it is up to the manager to be fully accountable. REFERENCE LIST Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, Chau, 2011, Management Foundations and Applications http://www. mahindrasatyam. com/investors/documents/Annual-Repor-for-the-year-2011-12. pdf http://www. vrl-financial-news. com/accounting/intl-accounting-bulletin/issues/iab-2009/iab441/satyam-scandal-where-to-from. aspx http://www. telegraph. co. uk/finance/4161198/Satyam-accounting-scandal-could-be-Indias-Enron. html

The Book 1984 By George Orwell - 961 Words

The book 1984, by George Orwell, takes place in country named Oceania, where their government is under a totalitarianism rule. The characters in the book are basically stripped of every right that citizens, in the United States, are guaranteed under the US Constitution. Some examples of the Bill of Rights Amendments that were absent in the book would be the First Amendment, Fourth Amendment, Sixth Amendment, as well as the Fourteenth, Fifteenth and Nineteenth Amendment, and also many others. Under the First Amendment in the United States Constitution, it is stated, â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances† (US Constitution). This amendment gives citizens the right to have freedom of speech, press, religion, petition and assembly. These basic ri ghts of expression are one of the biggest rights taken away in the book. Without the right to freedom of speech there would be a lack of opinion. With a lack of opinion, the citizens become uniform, which makes it easier for a dictator to control. As seen in the book, taking away this right will cause the citizens to only be aloud to say what the government wants to hear. The book also shows examples as to why freedom of press is an absolute necessity. Without the freedom of press, the government canShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1362 Words   |  6 PagesKathie Tejada Professor Antonio Tomà ¡s Guerrero Dà ­az COLI 214B 1984 This novel, 1984, is a dystopia and takes place in Oceania where people live in a totalitarian society. The author, George Orwell, wrote this as if he was looking into the future and what it was going to turn in to. This group of people, called The Party, have control over everything and everyone, and they have a leader, known as Big Brother, who is everywhere throughout the novel and the people look up to him. They invented a languageRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell968 Words   |  4 PagesThe book, 1984 by George Orwell, is about the external and internal conflicts that take place between the two main characters, Winston and Big Brother and how the two government ideas of Democracy and totalitarianism take place within the novel. Orwell wrote the novel around the idea of communism/totalitarianism and how society would be like if it were to take place. In Orwell’s mind democracy and communism created two main characters, Winston and Big Brother. Big Br other represents the idea ofRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1084 Words   |  5 Pages1984 was written by British author George Orwell. The main character is an average man by the name of Winston Smith. Winston does not agree with the ideals of the party; this gets him arrested by the thought police. 1984 proclaims what could happen if people just let the government do all their thinking for them. 1.In the world of 1984, what is considered orthodox is not the same as the actual world. In the book in order to be considered orthodox one must never question the party or have any individualRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1228 Words   |  5 Pagesnovel, 1984, there is a large focus on the Inner and Outer Party; the book focuses on one particular member in the party. It is easy to forget that there are actually more members in Oceania, they are cast over and it seems to be they are often forgotten. This third group of citizens are the proles. They make up the rest of the population. Oceania can function just as fine without them, they are rather just ghosts roaming the streets and taking up space. They are rarely mentioned in the book and whenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1493 Words   |  6 Pagessteadily bringing us closer to the world of Big Brother because the government has the ability to collect information from devices that are constantly being in use such as cell phones, televisions, and computers without our consent. In the book entitled 1984, George Orwell reveals how Oceania was a world where no one could be trusted; an action as simple as thinking was considered a violation of the law and you could be arrested for it. Individuals were living in a society where their own thoughts, evenRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1253 Words   |  6 Pagesno point of trying to live a regular life. In the book 1984 by George Orwell nearly everyone in the book is brainwashed and given a lot of false information. Winston and other characters only provide a little bit of hope. With a little bit of hope in the brainwashed world there is still absolutely no chance for any recovery unless the upper management screws up. This hope provides nearly no chance of humanity going back to normal. In the book, 1984, Big Brother is watching over everyone at all timesRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1288 Words   |  6 PagesControlled freedom Present day society is very much like society in the book 1984. Although, some of the procedures have diminished slightly, they still do exist, and are still current in today’s society. it’s a shame that most people fail to see that our â€Å"free† nation is actually still controlled. we are being manipulated in such a manner that we do not see by propaganda, media, lies, and yes even torture. Many citizens can say that here in America we are free nation or have freedom, but do weRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1088 Words   |  5 Pages1984 The book that I chose for my first book report was 1984 by George Orwell. The story begins by introducing a man named, Winston Smith, a simple man from the country known as Oceania. He lives in a small flat within London, on the Island known as Airstrip One. Winston is a part of the outer party, which is a part of the ruling party within Oceania, and is a low ranking member who works for the Ministry of Truth as a propaganda officer. The people of the ruling party are constantly being watchedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1369 Words   |  6 Pages Present Day 1984 The book 1984 by George Orwell takes place in the fictitious dystopian country of Oceania. Orwell warns readers of the grim future that will occur if the government continues to use surveillance, propaganda, and manipulation. The world that Orwell paints is one that is greatly dystopian. The citizens of the state have no control over their actions to the point where the government even invades on their thoughts and emotions. Although the date of 1984 has long passed the idealsRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book 1984 By George Orwell1804 Words   |  8 Pages1984, by George Orwell - Book 1, Chapter 7 1. Winston continues to write in his diary, but this time he reflects on the idea of a possible revolution consisting of the proles due to its large makeup of the population of Oceania. At the same time, he knows that the revolution cannot happen from within the Party or by the Brotherhood’s efforts. This is because he realizes that the massive size of the proles is enough to supply the strength and power to overcome the Party’s oppressive rule. Unfortunately

Classical and Operant Conditiioning - 1123 Words

General Psy Monday 6:30-9:30pm Wrighting Assignment 1 Have you walked into the pet store and went to buy pet treats? Which one stands out the most? Most would see the yellow bag of Beggin Strip. Beggin strips has a very humorous form of classical conditioning in there commercial. It starts out with the dog lying on the bed, he hears the bag open. The smell travels up the stairs, across the street to the neighbor’s dog. The smell even traveled to Paris, France where French poodle was standing by the Eiffel Tower. Once the dog smells the treats he takes off running down the stairs where he sees the women in the†¦show more content†¦Negative punishment can be from the life that’s being taking away from the individual person or the life they took from somebody else if multiple collision. Many states in the U.S. have banned texting and talking on cell phones while driving this can be used as positive punishment if you get caught you can get a ticket or going to jail. Adding on manslaughter can be a positive punishmen t seeing how most people will change their behavior on the texting and driving. Statics rate that 1.6 million accidents occur per year. 300 hundred thousand injuries and nearly 11 teen deaths a day. So making it illegal to text and drive is a positive punishment also. It will decrease the accidents and injuries. This is a variable ratio schedule you don’t know when the deaths or injuries will occur. Or how in depth they will be when you suffer a collision. You don’t know when you are going to get caught for texting and driving but eventually you will get caught and after so many times the charge will go up. Another operant condition is the ‘click it or ticket’ commercial. Traffic laws are the most violated laws, wither it is drinking and driving, running stop signs, speeding or most common not wearing your seat belts. The media commercial started off with a grey Silverado driving in the neighborhood with the window down. A pink ticket went flying in the wi ndow and land on the man chest that was driving. His wife tried to yank it off but

Harriet Beecher Stowe s Uncle Tom s Cabin And Olaudah

Sydney Sanders Ms. Johnson American Literature 2301-60 December 1, 2015 American Slave Literature Harriet Beecher Stowe’s novel, Uncle Tom’s Cabin and Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative of his Life both endeavor to stir antislavery sentiment in predominantly white, proslavery readers. Each author uses a variety of literary tactics to persuade audiences that slavery is inhumane. Equiano uses vivid imagery and inserts personal experience to appeal to audiences, believing that a first-hand account of the varying traumas slaves encounter would affect change. Stowe relies on emotional connection between the readers and characters in her novel. By forcing her audience to have empathy for characters, thus forcing readers to confront the harsh realities of slavery, Stowe has the more effective approach to encouraging abolitionist sentiment in white readers. When looking at a full version of Olaudah Equiano’s Narrative, the reader is immediately presented with an image of Equiano holding a Bible open to Acts. Equiano later explains his religi ous beliefs in chapter 10 of the Narrative. This has often been interpreted as a plot for Equiano to gain the trust of readers, who at this point in time placed high value in religion, however Professor Eileen Elrod views this as interpretation as dismissal of Equiano’s Christianity as a result of assimilation to the Western world. Elrod notes, â€Å"if we take the facile view that he is simply using religion to manipulate readers, or we see him as simplyShow MoreRelatedSlavery in American Literature1590 Words   |  7 Pagespublic an account of slavery was Olaudah Equiano. Perhaps the most eloquent accont was written by Harriet Jacobs. Sojurner Truth and Stephen Douglas laster wrote powerful accounts. Several great pieces of American literature addressed the slave issue. Harriet Beecher Stowe The most important ante-bellum (pre-War work)was Harriet Beecher Stowes Uncle Toms Cabin (1852). Stowe was virtually unknown when she wrote the book. She was influenced by the experience s of two teenage Maryland slave girlsRead MoreIndividual Rhetorical Analysis Of The Selected Readings2297 Words   |  10 PagesIndividual rhetorical analysis of the selected readings by Olaudah Equiano, Harriet Jacobs, Frederick Douglass, and Harriet Beecher Stowe are necessary to arrive at a collective analysis of the most effective strategies. Olaudah Equiano’s â€Å"The Interesting Narrative of the Life of Olaudah Equiano or Gustavas Vassa, the African† was first published in 1789 in London, England (687). Equiano’s narrative is informative; however, it is critical of the treatment of slaves and persuasive in its appeals to

Lost Minds A Study Of Alzheimers Disease Essay Example For Students

Lost Minds: A Study Of Alzheimers Disease Essay Lost Minds: A Study Of Alzheimers DiseaseLost Minds:A Study of Alzheimers DiseaseAlzheimers Disease is one of the most common diseases among elderly people today. Alzheimers creates emotional and financial catastrophe for many American families every year. It affects nearly 4 million people in the United States. Alzheimers Disease is the fourth leading cause of adult death in the United States, and nearly 90 billion dollars go towards Alzheimers research each year, most of this money is funded largely by Medicare and Medicaid, but the government funds some (Medical?). Many elderly people are thought to be crazy, people think the strain of their lives has been too much for their minds, when in fact the real problem may be a serious condition called Alzheimers. Alzheimers Disease is a degenerative brain disease. It is caused by a slow break down of the brain cells. Alois Alzheimer, a German physician, first discovered Alzheimers Disease in 1906. The first recorded case of Alzheimers Disease was a 55-year-old woman. She was admitted to the mental asylum where Alzheimer worked when she was 51 and slowly deteriorated over her 4 years there. After her death, Alzheimer performed an autopsy in which he found a small, shrunken brain. This was the start of Alzheimers research. Since its discovery, Alzheimers Disease hasnt evolved much. Its much more common now and the symptoms are slightly enhanced, but the disease is relatively the same. The number of people with Alzheimers Disease is expected to increase dramatically as the baby boomers age (Davis). Some scientists believe that Alzheimers Disease may be caused by a mutation of a gene on chromosome 14, this mutation is related to about 8% of all Alzheimers cases (Alzheimers). Alzheimers patients a lso have an excess of aluminum in their brain tissues, which is linked to the disease and they lack hootropic agents, the chemicals that protect the brain cells. The early stages of the disease are often viewed as the consequences of aging, so Alzheimers often goes unrecognized. There are several stages to Alzheimers Disease. In the early stages people forget recent events, but they clearly remember things that happened many years ago. In the later stages of the disease, people can no longer remember past events and often do not recognize their family members. Some victims do not even recognize themselves. Alzheimers victims often suffer from impaired judgement. They may touch a hot stove burner not remembering that it can burn them. There have been cases where people with Alzheimers Disease nearly starve because they forget to eat for days. When my Great Grandma, who had Alzheimers, was left alone, she would drive from her home in Meade to Hugoton or Satanta trying to find Liberal. The disease can also cause people to be very tired. Patients may also have trouble with place and time. They may not recognize their own home of many years, and they may confuse morning with afternoon. Some patients with Alzheimers Disease will revert back to an almost child-like state. Some of the victims are very angry and aggressive while others are very calm and quiet. How fast the disease advances varies from person to person. Eventually, most people with Alzheimers disease become unable to care for themselves. Alzheimers Disease is not the direct cause of the victims deaths. The disease renders the patients bedridden and in their weakened condition they catch viruses such as pneumonia. Alzheimers attacks few people after age 60, but occurs in 20% of people who live to age 85 (Gillick). Alzheimers does not occur more in men or woman, but the disease is more prone to Caucasian people. Out of all the cases of Alzheimers in the United States, about three-fourths or three million of them are white people. Scientists do not know why this is, because black peoples brain cells are the same as those of white people (Gillick). Some scientists say that Alzheimers Disease is genetic, and it may be. Scientists say that if the disease is genetic, then it only occurs in every 4th or 5th generation, but that the disease must be ?turned on? by some outside factor. Doctors cant seem to figure out what the outside factor is. Some scientists even believe that Alzheimers may be caused by an excess of estrogen in the brain (Gillick). .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .postImageUrl , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:hover , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:visited , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:active { border:0!important; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:active , .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u90c4d695db55dde27a603363b2fd0b1c:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The pope the jews and Hitler EssayAlzheimers Disease is considered non-reversible. Many of the symptoms can be treated, but not the actual disease. To date, no chronic degenerative disease, Alzheimers or others, can be cured. Most therapies currently being used are experimental (Medical). The drugs Tacrine and Donepezil are the only two drugs proven effective in slowing the progress of Alzheimers Disease, and even they dont have a vast effect. Selegilin, the drug used to treat Parkinsons Disease, has been shown to delay symptoms of Alzheimers by about seven months in test cases, but doctors are not sure if it is safe for people yet (Davis). Some doctors suggest for people to take one ibuprofen a day, to help lower the risk of developing Alzheimers Disease. Daily supplements of vitamin E can help too. Thanks to medical breakthroughs and healthier lifestyles, Alzheimers patients can live longer then ever. There are no screening tests for Alzheimers Disease. In fact, brain tumors, blood clots, hypothyroidism and vitamin deficiencies have all been mistaken for Alzheimers. The reason for these mix-ups is that a head scan can not show Alzheimers Disease until well in to the disease. If the tumors or clots are small enough they might not be seen either and can produce nearly the same results (Alzheimers). Alzheimers disease is a serious and growing medical, social and economic problem. It affects millions of people in the United States and millions more around the world. When we look at elderly people and cast them off as crazy or senile we should stop and consider the root of their problems. We know more about the disease now then at any other time in history. Doctors are closer to a cure then ever, but until there is a cure for Alzheimers Disease, we are all at risk. Bibliography?Alzheimers Disease.? World Book Encyclopedia. 1998 ed. Davis, Patti. ?Long Good-Bye.? Ladies Home Journal. Nov. 1997: 170-175. Gillick, Muriel R. ?Tangled Minds.? New York: Penguin Books, 1998. ?Medical Self-Care.? Retrieved 4/13/99. http://www.healthy.net/library/articles/ahper/alzheim2.htm. Medicine Essays

Comparing Cultures and Traditions in Poetry Essay Example For Students

Comparing Cultures and Traditions in Poetry Essay The two poems Search for my tongue and Not my business are both written by poets from very different backgrounds and cultures, looking to get their point across. Bhatt emphasises in his poem the on-going concerns of dying traditional languages and the fact that if you learn a new language, your old language could fade away. Osundare a Nigerian poet describes the growth of tyranny and if people ignore this growth, the tyranny will grow and grow till you become directly involved with it, Osundares poem is based upon Pasto Neimallers speech about Nazis in WWI and how they forcibly removed Jews from their homes. Both the poems adopt irregular poetic structures to the more traditional way. Bhatt writes the poem Search for my tongue as if it were a speech, speaking to the reader and telling the reader about issues that he faces as a dialect. There are no separate verses, just one long verse split up by phonetic translation of Gujarati. Enjambment is also used to maker poem flow much easier, increasing feeling that he is talking to us. Osundare writes the poem like a native Nigerian song with a repetition of the chorus What business it is of mine, so long as they dont take the yam from my savouring mouth. At the end of the first three verses he denies that what is happening around is his business, but ironically the same fate that he has been saying is none of his business befalls him and it is now becomes his business at the end of the poem. At the beginning of the poem Search for my tongue she talks about loosing her mother tongue, she uses negative verbs like rot, die and split. At the end of the poem when she is talking about her mothers tongue returning she uses positive verbs like grows, opens and blossoms, which give the effect that she is happy about remembering her mothers tongue. Bhatt cleverly uses phonetics to help the reader understand what it is like to learn a new language such as Gujarti. This is an unusual device in a poem and makes the poem more interesting for the reader. In the poem Not my business a similar technique is used whit the poet using negative words to describe treatment of his friends suffered by the militants. He uses beat, booted and sacked to describe the treatment and repeats word no three times in one sentence; this makes the reader realise that he does feel for these people, however he still does not feel it his business. The main imagery in Search for my tongue is of a person with two tongues in their mouth, one their mother tongue, in this case Gujarati, and one a second language. Towards the end of the poem she has come to the conclusion the mother tongue will not die, but rather like a plant growing shoots, it will come alive again, that is a good example of a metaphor. In the poem Not my business, the imagery is mainly in describing the jeep, which is used to take people away, and is being used like a coffin. The last line waiting, waiting in its usual silence. There is also some personification in the poem, where the waiting jeep has a belly. The poets hand is described as hungry and there is a bewildered lawn. To conclude it is clear poetry is no more a means of expressing traditional ideas but has now evolved, where people of different cultures can now express aspects of their cultures that make us think deeper about communities and the world on a whole. Therefore it is fair to say through poetry the breaking down of cultures and traditions is possible. Lastly from the comparing of two cultural poems we could say that all cultures are fundamentally built up on same ideas.